BASIC GRAPHIC DESIGN

HISTORY

Throughout history, technological inventions have shaped the development of graphic art. In 2500 B.C., the Egyptians used graphic symbols to communicate their thoughts in a written form known as hieroglyphics. The Egyptians wrote and illustrated narratives on rolls of papyrus to share the stories and art with others.  During the Middle Ages, scribes manually copied each individual page of manuscripts to maintain their sacred teachings. The scribes would leave marked sections of the page available for artists to insert drawings and decorations. Using art alongside the carefully lettered text enhanced the religious reading experience.

Johannes Gutenberg invented an improved movable type mechanical device known as the printing press in 1450, the first outside of Asia. His printing press facilitated the mass-production of text and graphic art and eventually, replaced manual transcriptions altogether.

Again during the Renaissance years, graphic art in the form of printing played a major role in the spread of classical learning in Europe. Within these manuscripts, book designers focused heavily on typeface.

Due to the development of larger fonts during the Industrial Revolution, posters became a popular form of graphic art used to communicate the latest information as well as to advertise the latest products and services.

The invention and popularity of film and television changed graphic art through the additional aspect of motion as advertising agencies attempted to use kinetics to their advantage.

The next major change in graphic arts came when the personal computer was invented in the twentieth century. Powerful computer software enables artists to manipulate images in a much faster and simpler way than the skills of board artists prior to the 1990s. With quick calculations, computers easily recolor, scale, rotate, and rearrange images if the programs are known.

The scientific investigations into legibility has influenced such things as the design of street signs. New York City is in the process of changing out all of its street signs bearing all capital letters for replacement with signs bearing only upper and lower case letters. They estimate that the increased legibility will facilitate way-finding and reduce crashes and injuries significantly

LOGO

The dictionary meaning of a logo is a symbol, sign, or emblem. Human beings have used such symbols throughout time to convey a succinct message. In present times, logos tend to be graphical in nature, designed for easy recognition of an organization. It is a tool to build an identity for the organization, as part of its trademark or brand, and to generate favourable thoughts and feelings about the organization

"Logo is the name for a philosophy of education and a continually evolving family of programming languages that aid in its realization."

- Harold Abelson

  Apple Logo, 1982

This statement sums up two fundamental aspects of Logo and puts them in the proper order. The Logo programming environments that have been developed over the past 28 years are rooted in constructivist educational philosophy, and are designed to support constructive learning.

Constructivism views knowledge as being created by learners in their own minds through interaction with other people and the world around them. This theory is most closely associated with Jean Piaget, the Swiss psychologist, who spent decades studying and documenting the learning processes of young children

ICONS

A small picture that represents an object or program. Icons are very useful in applications that use windows, because with the click of a mouse button you can shrink an entire window into a small icon. (This is sometimes called minimizing.) To redisplay the window, you merely move the pointer to the icon and click (or double click) a mouse button. (This is sometimes called restoring or maximizing)

Icons are a principal feature of graphical user interfaces.

WEBSITES

Virtual location on WWW, containing several subject or company related webpages and data files accessible through a browser. Each website has its own unique web address (see uniform resource locator) which can be reached through an internet connection. The opening page of a website is usually called homepage which contains hyperlinks to other pages on the same or other site. A single web server may support multiple websites and a single website may reside on multiple web servers, sometimes thousands of miles apart.

CORPORATE STATIONARY

1. General: Office supplies (specially paper and envelopes) used for writing, typing, or printing. Not to be confused with 'stationary' which means not moving or having a fixed position.

2. Computing: Several kinds of paper used in printers, such as Single sheet stationery: Paper cut into standard sizes (such as letter, legal, A4), sold usually in reams of 500 sheets and used mainly with friction-feed printers such as inkjet and laser printers. Continuous stationery: fan-folded paper with sprocket holes on sides and transverse perforations for easy separation into individual sheets, used mainly with impact printers. It is of two types: 'single part' consists of only one sheet  of paper, whereas 'multipart' may have two, three, or more plies of 'carbonless' copying paper; the top ply serves as the original and the others as copies. Roll stationery: continuous roll of paper with no folds or perforations but may have sprocket holes on sides, used mainly with impact or thermal printers such as fax machines

ADVERTISEMENT

Paid, non-personal, public communication about causes, goods and services, ideas, organizations, people, and places, through means such as direct mail, telephone, print, radio, television, and internet. An integral part of marketing, advertisements are public notices designed to inform and motivate. Their objective is to change the thinking pattern (or buying behavior) of the recipient, so that he or she is persuaded to take the action desired by the advertiser. When aired on radio or television, an advertisement is called a commercial. According to the Canadian-US advertising pioneer, John E. Kennedy (1864-1928), an advertisement is "salesmanship in print.

BOOK DESIGN

Book design is the art of incorporating the content, style, format, design, and sequence of the various components of a book into a coherent whole.

In the words of Jan Tschichold, book design, "though largely forgotten today, methods and rules upon which it is impossible to improve, have been developed over centuries. To produce perfect books, these rules have to be brought back to life and applied." Richard Hendel describes book design as "an arcane subject", and refers to the need for a context to understand what that means

BROCHURES

Publication consisting of one folded page, or several pages stitched together but not bound. Used mainly for advertising purposes. See also booklet.

BILL BOARDS

1. Brief announcement (usually not more than 10 seconds long) identifying the sponsors. It is broadcast at the beginning and/or at the end of a sponsored radio or television program.

2. Large outdoor advertisement (usually 12 feet x 25 feet) for which rent is charged according to three factors: the amount of traffic that passes its location, its visibility, and its size.

PRODUCT PACKAGING

Packaging is more than just your product's pretty face. Your package design may affect everything from breakage rates in shipment to whether stores will be willing to stock it. For example, "displayability" is an important concern. The original slanted-roof metal container used for Log Cabin Syrup was changed to a design that was easier to stack after grocers became reluctant to devote the necessary amounts of shelf space to the awkward packages. Other distribution-related packaging considerations include labeling, opening, size and durability.

POSTERS

A poster is a “public” piece of paper conveying information through text (words) and/or graphic images (symbols or pictures). It’s usually designed to be displayed vertically on a wall or window and is large enough to be seen and read from a relatively short distance. Its main target audience is the person walking by. A poster must convey its message with immediacy and purpose, because people on the street are often in a hurry.

Posters are sometimes huge and can be seen from a long distance and may appear along highways (on bill boards) or on the sides of buildings. Posters may also appear in much smaller versions, sometimes like a postcard, and are called handbills. Whatever the size or shape, posters have a job to do and that is to convey information.

GREETING CARD

Greeting cards are pieces of paper or cardboard upon which photos, drawings, and a verse of cheer, greeting, celebration, condolence, etc. have been printed or engraved. Greeting cards are decorated with a variety of images and include messages to appeal to diverse audiences, sentiment, and occasion to be remembered. Greeting cards are easily made at home using pen and paper or software sold by greeting card and other companies. Recently, virtual cards that include images and verse can be sent to someone by way of the Internet and e-mail and may be printed out on paper by the receiver. Despite the electronic availability of these cards, the greeting card industry continues to sell cards in retail store in huge numbers. Over 1,500 greeting card manufacturers sell an estimated seven billion cards each year. Each household receives an average of 80 cards annually

ELEMENT OF GRAPHIC DESIGN

Line

The first and most basic element of design is that of the line. In drawing, a line is the stroke of the pen or pencil but in graphic design, it’s any two connected points. Lines are useful for dividing space and drawing the eye to a specific location. For example, think about how a magazine uses lines to separate content, headlines and side panels.

Color

Color is one of the most obvious elements of design, for both the user and the designer. It can stand alone, as a background, or be applied to other elements, like lines, shapes, textures or typography. Color creates a mood within the piece and tells a story about the brand. Every color says something different, and combinations can alter that impression further.

Shape

Shapes, geometric or organic, add interest. Shapes are defined by boundaries, such as a lines or color, and they are often used to emphasize a portion of the page. Everything is ultimately a shape, so you must always think in terms of how the various elements of your design are creating shapes, and how those shapes are interacting.

Space

Negative space is one of the most commonly underutilized and misunderstood aspects of designing for the page. The parts of the site that are left blank, whether that’s white or some other color, help to create an overall image. Use negative space to create shapes as you would any other element.

Texture

It’s counter-intuitive to think about texture when the piece isn’t ever going to be touched. Websites and graphic design do rely on the look and impression of texture on the screen, however. Textures can create a more three-dimensional appearance on this two-dimensional surface. It also helps build an immersive world.

Scale (Size)

Playing with the scale and size of your objects, shapes, type and other elements add interest and emphasis. How boring would a symmetrical website with all similarly sized ingredients be? Very. But the amount of variation will depend heavily on the content within. Subtle differences suit professional content, while bold ones prefer creative enterprises.

Value

Value is present in all design. It is the lightness or darkness of an object, regardless of color. Value is relative to the background color and other items on the page.

ARTIST REFERENCE

ZULKIFLI YUSUF

Zulkifli Yusoff’s journey into contemporary art began with a copy of Art Today given to him by his father in 1979. Working in various mediums, he has played an important part in developing installation art in Malaysia. The Kedah born artist works in both sculpture and canvas, creating satirical pieces on the subject of power. Socio political in context, Zulkifli Yusoff’s work confronts the norms.

ART TRAINING

1985-1989 Studied at MARA Institute of Technology (I.T.M) School of Art and Design, I.T.M Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. (Dip in Fine Art).

1989-1991 Studied at Manchester Polytecnic Faculty of Art and Design, U.K

AWARDS

1988

- Major Award, Young Contemporaries. (National Art Gallery , Malaysia)

- 2nd Award, 6th International Sand Sculpture Competition. (Regional Council , Hong Kong)

1989

- Major Award, Young Contemporaries. (National Art Gallery , Malaysia)

1992

- The Grand Ministers Prize, 3rd Salon Exhibition, Malaysia.

- Major Award, Sculpture, 3rd Salon Exhibition, Malaysia.

- Consolation prize, Sculpture, 3rd Salon Exhibition, Malaysia

1995

- Philip Morris Honorable Mention Painting.

Aku, Ayah dan Lagu Patriotik, 2010, mixed media installation

KHALIL IBRAHIM

Born 1934

Education

National Design Diploma (NDD)

Post Graduate Course at St Martin's School of Art, London

Solo Exhibitions

1968-2002 : In Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore & Switzerland

Group Exhibitions :

1969-2002 : Australia, Belgium, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, China, Croatia, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Indonesia, Japan, Jordan, Korea, Malaysia, New Zealand, Seychelles, Philippines, Singapore, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, UK, USA, Vietnam

Membership

2002 - 2003 : Vice Chairman of Malaysian Watercolour Organisation

Fisherman ,Watercolour on Paper 30cm x 40cm

AMIRUDDIN ARIFIN

At Present, Amiruddin or easily called as Amir, is conducting

painting lesson for expatriates and ambassador's spouses

and also a few VIP'S spouses. He has been seriously painting

for more than 30 years, Had participated in numerous national

and international exhibitions, workshops and painting

demonstrations, A very versatile artist who works in oil,

watercolor, pastel, acrylic and ink drawings.

He has painted several murals for corporations and museums

his works had been collected by prominent Corporations,

Foundations, National Art Gallery as well as distinguished

individuals in Malaysia and abroad. The Inner Temple Alumni

Association has chosen to commission him a Portrait painting

of the first Prime Minister of Malaysia as an item in memory of

Tunku for permanent display at the Inner Temple in London. In

November 2007 in Tokyo, he was chosen by World Art &

Cultural Exchange of Japan to conduct interviews with 12

senior artists for the monthly issue of WAC coffee - table -

book which had 20,000 copies of circulation through out Japan.

Several of Amir's works have been donated for charity to a few

handicaped children and disable body and organizations

Jerangkap

STEVEN HELLER

He is the co-founder and co-chair (with Lita Talarico) of the MFA Designer as Author program at the School of Visual Arts, New York, where he lectures on the history of graphic design. Prior to this, he lectured for 14 years on the history of illustration in the MFA Illustration as Visual Essay program at the School of Visual arts. He also was director for ten years of SVA’s Modernism & Eclecticism: A History of American Graphic Design symposiums.

With Seymour Chwast he has directed Push Pin Editions, a packager of visual books, and with his wife Louise Fili he has produced over twenty books and design products for Chronicle Books and other publishers.

For over two decades he has been contributing editor to PRINT, EYE, BASELINE, and I.D. magazines, has had contributed hundreds of articles, critical essays, and columns (including his interview column "Dialogue" in PRINT) to a score of other design and culture journals.

As editor of the AIGA JOURNAL OF GRAPHIC DESIGN he published scores of critical and journalistic writers on design, and currently as editor of AIGA VOICE: Online Journal of Design, he continues to help build a critical vocabulary for the field.

SAUL BASS

Saul Bass (/sɔːl bæs/; May 8, 1920 – April 25, 1996) was an American graphic designer and Academy Award winning filmmaker, best known for his design of motion picture title sequences, film posters, and corporate logos.

During his 40-year career Bass worked for some of Hollywood's most prominent filmmakers, including Alfred Hitchcock, Otto Preminger, Billy Wilder, Stanley Kubrick and Martin Scorsese. Among his most famous title sequences are the animated paper cut-out of a heroin addict's arm for Preminger's The Man with the Golden Arm, the credits racing up and down what eventually becomes a high-angle shot of a skyscraper in Hitchcock's North by Northwest, and the disjointed text that races together and apart in Psycho.

Bass designed some of the most iconic corporate logos in North America, including the Bell System logo in 1969, as well as AT&T's globe logo in 1983 after the breakup of the Bell System. He also designed Continental Airlines' 1968 jet stream logo and United Airlines' 1974 tulip logo which became some of the most recognized airline industry logos of the era.

 1954 American musical film

november 14 1995

TYPO

A fast moving script by Process Type Foundry, a versatile sans from The Northern Block, a decorative serif by Zeune Ink, an energetic script from Sudtipos, a characterful grotesque by Commercial Type, a harmonious slab from Dada Studio, a comfortable sans by Font Bureau, a spirited grotesque from Latinotype, a condensed sans by MCKL, and a neutral face from Type Dynamic

research

task

final

Title : IM HYPEROPIA

INTRODUCTION

I am one who loves reading books, especially books that tell the world of fantasy but I'm having trouble with blindness. Blindness makes it difficult for me reading a book and I need glasses in order to see more clearly I would like other people to see what I see when read without the use of glasses so that they understand what I think. so I created a poster that illustrates my vision.

BACKGROUND OF STUDY

Meaning of hyperopia

Hyperopia (farsightedness), is a refractive error, which means that the eye does not bend or refract light properly to a single focus to see images clearly. In hyperopia, distant objects look somewhat clear, but close objects appear more blurred

What is Mosaic Art?

Mosaic is the decorative art of creating pictures and patterns on a surface by setting small coloured pieces of glass, marble or other materials in a bed of cement, plaster or adhesive. Employed as a form of interior or exterior decoration, and originally developed in ancient Greece, mosaics were developed extensively by Roman craftsmen, mostly in the form of pavements. Later, during the era of Byzantine art, artists specialized in creating mosaic designs for walls, and were renowned for their shimmering masterpieces of gold and multi-coloured glass. As a form of ornamental Christian art, mosaic was superceded during Renaissance times by fresco painting. A revival of sorts occurred in the 19th century when many public buildings were decorated with mosaics (eg. Westminster Catholic Cathedral), usually of mass produced ceramic tile or glass tesserae. Certain design styles, such as Gothic Revival and Art Nouveau provided new designs and uses for the art form. Today, mosaic remains a popular craft around the world, promoted by organisations like the British Association for Modern Mosaic (BAMM) and The Society of American Mosaic Artists (SAMA), and available as a subject in some of the best art schools in America and Europe.

What is typography?

Typography is the art and technique of arranging type, type design, and modifying type glyphs. Type glyphs are created and modified using a variety of illustration techniques. The arrangement of type involves the selection of typefaces, point size, line length, leading, adjusting the spaces between groups of letters and adjusting the space between pairs of letters. Typography is performed by typesetters, compositors, typographers, graphic designers, art directors, comic book artists and graffiti artists. Until the Digital Age, typography was a specialized occupation. Digitization opened up typography to new generations of visual designers and lay users.

Objective

1. to let people see what i see

2. to let people know what is hyperopia

Tools

1. Adobe Illustrator

2. Aadobe photoshop

MY POSTER

Description of my poster

 I combined typography and mosaic technique to create 1 design that show how people with hyperopia see.  I do not choose blur beacause many designer use blur as same concept with blindness. i use dark background to highlight the typo and use light color in typo .

Conclusion. 

Everyone has advantages and disadvantages, respectively. If we have the advantages of use for good and if we have a shortage do not despair because maybe some day could be low it will be advantage to ourselves